Effects of functional training on pain and functional capacity in elderly women / Efeito do treinamento funcional na dor e capacidade funcional de mulheres idosas

Abstract Introduction: The growing rate of elderly people in the world can became a public health problem when they exhibit insufficient levels of physical activity, which can increase chronic pain and lead to functional disability. Objective: To analyze the effects of functional training on pain and functional capacity in elderly women. Methods: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 32 elderly women, divided into two groups: functional training (FT: n = 17) and control group (CG: n = 15). Functional capacity was analyzed using the Physical Fitness Test for the Elderly. Pain was assessed by reports of musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms and their characteristics using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire and pain visual analog scale (VAS). The functional training program was applied for 12 weeks at a frequency of three times a week. Results: Significant effects after the intervention in the FT group were observed, with pain reduction, increased flexibility and resistance for lower limbs, and cardiorespiratory capacity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The functional training program in elderly women was effective in improving the variables of lower limb flexibility, pain perception, lower limb strength resistance and cardiorespiratory capacity.

Resumo Introdução: O crescimento da taxa de idosos no mundo pode tornar-se um problema de saúde pública quando estes exibem níveis insuficientes de atividade física, que têm o potencial de aumentar dores crônicas e causar incapacidade funcional. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento funcional na dor e capacidade funcional de mulheres idosas. Métodos: Desenvolveu-se um ensaio clínico controlado não randomizado com 32 idosas, divididas em dois grupos: treino funcional (TF: n = 17) e grupo controle (GC: n = 15). Como indicador da capacidade funcional foi utilizado o Teste de Aptidão Física para Idosos. A dor foi avaliada pelos relatos de sintomas de desconforto musculoesquelético e suas características por meio do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares de Dor e Escala visual Analógica de Dor (EVA). O programa de treinamento funcional foi aplicado por 12 semanas em uma frequên-cia de três vezes semanais. Resultados: Verificaram-se efeitos significativos após a intervenção no grupo TF, com redução da dor e aumento da flexibilidade e resistência para membros inferiores e capacidade cardiorrespiratória (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O programa de treinamento funcional em idosas foi efetivo para a melhoria das variáveis de flexibilidade de membros inferiores, percepção de dor, resistência de força de membros inferiores e capacidade cardiorrespiratória.

Periodized combined training in physically active overweight women over 50 years

Abstract Aim: This quasi-experimental study, analyzes if periodized combined training's influence on plasma cytokine levels, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness in physically active women with overweight and/or obesity over 50 years. Methods: The sample was composed of 33 physically active women who were randomly allocated to three groups: Non-Periodized (NP) (n = 11); Undulating Periodization (UP) (n = 9); and Flexible Undulating Periodization (FUP) (n = 13). This study was conducted for 17 weeks, which included adaptation (weeks 1-3), baseline testing (week 4), training program (weeks 5-16), and post-evaluation (week 17). The training frequency comprised of three weekly sessions, with 30 min of aerobic exercise and 45 min of strength exercises. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results: No differences were observed in weight parameters, plasma levels of cytokines, and biochemical parameters in any group, before and after the completion of the training period. Participants demonstrated increase in strength of the upper limbs in the UP (p = 0.032) and FUP (p = 0.021) groups, an increase in aerobic fitness in the NP (p = 0.041) and UP (p = 0.005) groups, and an increase in the amount of time of vigorous activity per week in the NP group (p = 0.019). Conclusion: This study shows that periodized combined training in physically active women with overweight and/or obesity over 50 years proved to be beneficial for all groups; although, the UP group exhibited better performance.

Comparison of affective responses during school physical education classes with different recovery times / Comparação das respostas afetivas durante aulas de educação física escolar com diferentes tempos de recuperação

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the effect of exercise recovery time on the affective responses during a circuit training in physical education classes. Forty-six apparently healthy young adolescents (twenty-one girls) (12.85 ± 0.94 years; 49.7 ± 8.93 kg; 1.59 ± 0.08 cm; 19.51 ± 3.28 kg/m2) participated in this study. Were submitted participants for two physical education classes, based on circuited model of the same intensity, but with different recovery times (2 min and 1 min). The study was carried out in two phases: baseline and intervention. Affect, Arousal, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion data were analyzed using paired t-tests, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. The class with longer rest time (2 min) provided greater affection (t(45) = 3.586; p < 0,001) and less perceived effort (t(45) = 2.295; p = 0,026). The intensity manipulation strategy was effective in providing different affective responses, in which classes perceived as more intense, resulting in the decline of affect.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do tempo de recuperação do exercício nas respostas afetivas durante um treinamento em circuito nas aulas de educação física. Quarenta e seis jovens adolescentes aparentemente saudáveis (vinte e uma meninas), com (12.85 ± 0.94 anos; 49.7 ± 8.93 kg; 1.59 ± 0.08 cm; 19.51 ± 3.28 kg/m2), participaram do estudo. Os participantes foram submetidos a duas aulas de educação física escolar, baseados em modelo de circuitos de mesma intensidade, porém com tempos de recuperação diferentes (2 min e 1 min). O estudo foi realizado em duas fases: base e intervenção. Os dados de Afeto, Ativação e Percepção Subjetiva do Esforço, foram analisados através de testes t pareados, considerando um nível de significância de p < 0,05. A aula com maior tempo de descanso (2 min) proporcionou maior afeto (t(45) = 3.586; p < 0,001) e menor esforço percebido (t(45) = 2.295; p = 0,026). A estratégia de manipulação da intensidade foi efetiva para proporcionar respostas afetivas diferentes, em que a aula percebida como mais intensa resultou no declínio do afeto.

Acute Blood Pressure Response to Different Resistance Programs in Trained Men

Abstract Background Resistance training is used in different exercise programs, with different objectives and different levels of physical fitness. Training-related variables, such as volume, rest time and intensity, can affect the response of blood pressure (BP), but studies on the effect of these variables on BP are still needed. Objective To evaluate the acute response of BP in trained individuals undergoing two different methods of resistance training. Methods The sample was divided into three groups: (1) the German volume training (GVT) (n= 15), which consisted of 10 series of 10 repetitions at 50% of 1-repetition maximum (RM) with intervals of 30 seconds; (2) the sarcoplasm stimulating training (SST) (n= 16), performed at 8 RM and 85% of 1-RM and interval of 10 seconds until failure, followed by removal of 20% of weight and repetition of the whole series (total of three sets), and the control group (CG) (n= 15) who underwent BP measurements only. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for analysis of variations, and a p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the within-group analysis, a significant lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found at 10 minutes (125.4±10.8 mmHg, p= 0.045) and 20 minutes (124.5±8.5 mmHg, p= 0.044) post-training compared with immediately after training. In the between-group comparison, higher SBP values were observed immediately after training in the SST group (142.1±28.2, p= 0.048) compared with the CG. Conclusion High-volume and high-intensity resistance training programs did not cause abnormal changes in blood pressure. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Descrição do coping religioso/espiritual de pacientes neurológicos e sua correlação com a capacidade funcional e depressão / Description of the religious/spiritual coping of neurological patients and correlation with functional capacity and depression

Introdução: A relação entre a espiritualidade/religiosidade e as doenças está cada vez mais em evidência, dessa forma a prática da religião em hospitais tem sido associada a um menor risco de depressão, o que pode favorecer um melhor enfrentamento das dificuldades da doença através do coping religioso e/ou espiritual (CRE). Objetivo: Correlacionar o coping religioso e/ou espiritual com a capacidade funcional e a depressão de hemiparéticos e parkinsonianos submetidos a fisioterapia em grupo no formato de circuito de treinamento. Métodos: Foram analisados 28 indivíduos, participantes de um programa de circuito de treinamento T. Para a avaliação foram utilizadas as escalas Dynamic Gait Index, Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e CRE breve (CREb). Resultados: O score médio atingido na Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica apontou uma depressão leve no grupo hemiparético, já no grupo de Parkinson não apresentou índices de depressão. O Dynamic Gait Index acusou risco de queda no grupo hemiparético, obtendo uma diferença significativa quando comparado ao grupo de Parkinson (p<0,05). Ambos os grupos tiveram índice CRE positivo moderado. Conclusão: Pode-se afirmar que as doenças incapacitantes apresentam maior relação com a espiritualidade/religiosidade que as doenças neurológicas progressivas em atendimento de circuito de treinamento. (AU)

Introduction: The relationship between spirituality/religiosity and diseases is increasingly evident, thus, the practice of religion in hospitals has been associated with a lower risk of depression, which may favor better coping with difficulties of diseases through religious and/or spiritual coping. Objective: To correlate religious and/or spiritual coping with functional capacity and depression of hemiparetic and parkinsonian patients undergoing group physical therapy in training circuit format. Methods: 28 individuals participating in a training circuit format program were analyzed. Dynamic Gait Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale and Short religious and/or spiritual coping were used for the evaluation. Results: The mean score achieved in Beck Depression Inventory and Geriatric Depression Scale indicated a mild depression in the hemiparetic group, while in the Parkinson's group no depression was found. The Dynamic Gait Index showed a risk of hemiparetic group drop, obtaining a significant difference when compared to the Parkinson Group (p < 0.05). Both groups had moderate positive index positive of religious and/or spiritual coping. Conclusion: The disabling diseases present greater relationship with the spirituality/religiosity than the progressive neurological diseases attended in training circuit. (AU)

Oito semanas de intervenção coordenativa é capaz de modular a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em idosos? / Eight weeks of coordination intervention is able to modify the heart rate variability in elderly?

RESUMO Diversas intervenções têm sido relatadas na literatura com intuito de modular o comportamento da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) em idosos. Entretanto a maioria deles são focados em capacidades físicas condicionantes. Pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos que um treinamento coordenativo estruturado em circuitos pode promover na VFC de idosos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito de 8 semanas de uma intervenção coordenativa sob aspectos autonômicos de idosos. 26 sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos. Um grupo (N=13) com Abordagem Coordenativa em Circuito (GACC) e outro grupo (N=13) que realizou Caminhada Recreacional (GCR). Para a mensuração da VFC foi utilizado um cardiofrequencímentro. Para avaliação motora foi utilizado um Circuito Motor Modelo que consistiu em 8 exercícios de coordenação. Para avaliação da aptidão física funcional foi utilizada a bateria de Fullerton. Após 8 semanas de intervenção tanto as variáveis da VFC como as variáveis motoras não diferiram entre os grupos. Porém quando observado os momentos pré e pós intervenção foi encontrado, apenas no GCR um aumento na variável High Frequency, 5 minutos após Circuito Motor Modelo. Nossos resultados indicaram que oito semanas de uma intervenção coordenativa não foi suficiente para gerar alterações no comportamento da VFC dos idosos.

ABSTRACT Several studies were registered in the literature to modulate the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in the elderly. However they are focused on the physical ability of conditioners. Little is known about the effects that structured coordinative training in circuits can promote in the HRV of the elderly. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of a coordinative intervention under autonomic aspects of the elderly. 26 subjects were divided into two groups. One group (N = 13) with the Coordination Approach in Circuit (CACG) and the other group (N = 13) with the Recreational Walk (RWG). To measure HRV, a cardiofrequencimeter was used. Motor Circuit Model was used for the motor evaluation, which consisted of 8 coordinative exercises. For the evaluation of functional physical fitness, the Fullerton battery was used. After 8 weeks of intervention, both HRV variables and motor variables did not differ between groups. However, when the pre and post intervention moments were observed, only in the RWG was an increase in the variable High Frequency, 5 minutes after Motor Circuit Model. Our results indicated that eight weeks of a coordinative intervention was not sufficient to generate changes in the HRV behavior of the elderly.

Análise do perfil sociodemográfico, motivos de adesão, rotina de treinamento e acompanhamento profissional de praticantes de corrida de rua / Analysis of sociodemographic profile, adhesion reasons and characteristics of training of street running practitioners

A corrida de rua é considerada um fenômeno sociocultural contemporâneo em ampla expansão no Brasil e no mundo. No entanto, há uma carência de informações a respeito do perfil sociodemográfico dos praticantes de corridas de rua, assim como os seus motivos de adesão e rotina de treinamento. Essas informações são essenciais para a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção profissional voltadas para os praticantes de corrida de rua. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, os motivos de adesão, a rotina de treinamento e acompanhamento profissional de corredores de rua. Participaram da pesquisa 214 praticantes de corrida de rua, do sexo masculino e feminino, idade entre 18 e 58 anos (M = 36,4 ± 10,3), devidamente inscritos em provas que fazem parte do calendário oficial de corridas. Os praticantes responderam um questionário composto por 18 questões organizadas em 3 categorias: perfil ciodemográfico, motivos de adesão e rotina de treinamento/acompanhamento profissional. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos praticantes de corrida de rua são do sexo masculino (62,1%), com faixa etária predominante entre 20 e 40 anos, elevado nível de escolaridade e que buscam essa atividade especialmente por motivos de saúde (91,1%) e prazer (69,1%). Apesar de 43,9% dos praticantes não receberem acompanhamento profissional, 96,6% consideram importante ou muito importante a supervisão profissional durante a prática. Os achados indicam que, em geral, os adeptos da corrida de rua optam pela prática devido a busca pela melhora da qualidade de vida e a socialização, bem como a redução do estresse...(AU)

Running is considered a contemporary sociocultural phenomenon in a wide expansion in Brazil and in the world. However, there is a lack of information regarding the sociodemographic profile of street racing practitioners, as well as their reasons for joining this practice and the characteristics of training. This information is essential for the development of strategies for professional intervention aimed at street racing practitioners. The present study sought to analyze the sociodemographic profile, the reasons of adhesion and the characteristics of training of street racing practitioners. A total of 214 male and female street racing practitioners, aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 36.4 ± 10.3), duly enrolled in races that are part of the official racing calendar, participated in the study. The practitioners answered a questionnaire composed of 18 questions organized in 3 categories: sociodemographic profile, reasons of adhesion and training characteristics. The results showed that most of the street racing practitioners are male (62.1%), with a predominant age group between 20 and 40 years of age, a high level of schooling and who seek this activity especially for health reasons (91, 1%) and pleasure (69.1%). Although 43.9% of the practitioners did not receive professional support, 96.6% considered it important hat, in general, the street racing practitioners choose this practice because of the quest for improving quality of life and socialization as well as for reducing stress...(AU)

Comportamento cardiovascular em hemiparéticos crônicos durante a fisioterapia de grupo no formato de circuito de treinamento / Cardiovascular behavior in chronic hemiparesis during group therapy in circuit training format

Introdução: A Fisioterapia de Grupo em Circuito de Treinamento (FGCT) é um modelo de terapia para hemiparéticos, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para avaliar seus efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular e a funcionalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento cardiovascular e a funcionalidade de hemiparéticos crônicos submetidos à FGCT. Métodos: Estudo transversal, (n = 13), consiste em 10 estações de FGCT. Foi calculada a frequência cardíaca média (FCmed), frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) e classificada a frequência cardíaca de treinamento. Os testes funcionais foram realizados no início da sessão. Foi realizada correlação entre os testes funcionais e as FCmed, FCmáx e a comparação da frequência cardíaca (FC) durante as estações e os intervalos entre elas. Resultados: 92,3% dos voluntários foram classificados como intensidade de treinamento muito leve ou leve. Houve significância estatística entre FCMed da 1ª estação quando comparada com a última (p < 0,01). Conclusão: A intensidade de treinamento de hemiparéticos submetidos à FGCT foi de muito leve a leve, com diferença significante entre a FCmed da 1ª estação quando comparada com a última. Não foi observada correlação da FCmed com a funcionalidade. (AU)

Introduction: Physiotherapy Group in Circuit Training (PGCT) is a model of hemiparetic therapy, but further studies are needed to assess its effects on the cardiovascular system and functionality. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular behavior and the functionality of chronic hemiparetics submitted to PGCT. Methods: A cross-sectional study, (n = 13), consists of 10 PGCT stations. Mean heart rate (HRM), maximum heart rate (HRmax) and heart rate of training were calculated. Functional tests were performed at the beginning of the session. A correlation was performed between the functional tests and HRM, HRmax and heart rate (HR) comparison during the seasons and intervals between them. Results: 92.3% of the volunteers were classified as very light or light training intensity. There was statistical significance between HRM of the 1st station when compared with the last station (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The intensity of hemiparetic training submitted to PGCT was very light to light, with a significant difference between the FCmed of the 1st station when compared to the last one. No correlation of HRM with the functionality was observed. (AU)

Efectos del entrenamiento sensoriomotor en balance, deambulación y calidad de vida en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson / Effects of sensorimotor training on balance, ambulation and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo más frecuente del envejecimiento y el trastorno del movimiento más común. En Chile, de un total de 17.514.003 habitantes un 11,4% de la población es adulto mayor, y aproximadamente un 1-2% de la población de 65 años vive con EP, cifra que se eleva a un 3-5% en aquellos mayores de 85 años. Dentro de las alteraciones del movimiento que genera, se describen trastornos de la marcha y caídas, afectando la calidad de vida de los pacientes, por lo tanto, es fundamental generar estrategias que combatan estas alteraciones. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de un plan de entrenamiento sensoriomotor para mejorar el balance, deambulación y calidad de vida en personas con Parkinson de la ciudad de Valdivia. Estudio cuasiexperimental con medida pre-post test tras 18 sesiones de entrenamiento sensoriomotor de 45 minutos, 3 veces por semana en días no consecutivos, durante 6 semanas. Se evaluó 8 participantes utilizando los test Timed Up and Go (TUG), Gait Speed (GS), Sharpened Romberg (SR) y la escala Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Los resultados revelaron que se obtuvo una mejora significativa en las pruebas TUG y GS, con un porcentaje de cambio de 32,1% y 84,61% respectivamente, disminución de compensaciones en test SR y disminución de 2 puntos en la UPDRS. Se concluye que el entrenamiento sensoriomotor a corto plazo logra mejoras significativas en las variables de balance deambulación y calidad de vida(Au)

Introduction. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of aging and the most common movement disorder. In Chile, there is a total of 17,574,003 inhabitants, where 11.4% of the total population is older adult, and approximately 1-2% of the population of 65 years lives with PD, a figure that rises to 3-5% in those over 85 years old. Within the alterations of the movement that it generates, disorders of the gait and falls are described, affecting the quality of life of the patients, therefore, it is fundamental to generate strategies that combat these alterations. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a sensorimotor training plan to improve balance, walking and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease in the city of Valdivia. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with pre-post measurement after 18 sessions of sensorimotor training of 45 minutes, 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days, for 6 weeks. Eight 2 participants were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Gait Speed (GS), Sharpened Romberg (SR) and the escalation of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Classification Scale (UPDRS). Results: A significant improvement was obtained in the TUG and GS tests, with a percentage of change of 32.1% and 84.61% respectively, decrease of compensations in SR test and decrease of 2 points in the UPDRS. Conclusion: Short-term sensorimotor training in the short term achieved significant improvement in variables of balance, ambulation and quality of life(AU)

Efeitos de um programa de exercícios em circuito no equilíbrio e na mobilidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados / Effects of a circuit exercise program in balance and functional mobility in institutionalized elderly / Efectos de un programa de ejercicios en circuito en el equilibrio y en la movilidad funcional de ancianos institucionalizados

Este estudo analisou a eficácia de um programa de 12 semanas de exercícios em circuito no equilíbrio e na mobilidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados, sendo este aplicado três vezes por semana, com duração de 15 a 20 minutos por sessão e embora não tenham ocorrido melhoras significativas, acredita-se que o circuito foi efetivo para manutenção do equilíbrio e da mobilidade funcional dos idosos participantes do estudo auxiliando na prevenção das perdas progressivas decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento.

This study analyzed the efficiency of a 12 weeks circuit exercise program in balance and functional mobility of institutionalized elderly, which is applied three times a week, lasting 15 to 20 minutes per session and although have been no significant improvements, it is believed that the circuit was effective in maintaining the balance and functional mobility of the elderly participants in the study, helping to prevent progressive losses resulting from the aging.

Este estudio analizó la eficacia de un programa de 12 semanas de ejercicios en circuito en el equilibrio y en la movilidad funcional de ancianos institucionalizados, siendo éste aplicado tres veces por semana, con una duración de 15 a 20 minutos por sesión y aunque no se han producido mejoras se cree que el circuito fue efectivo para mantener el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional de los ancianos participantes del estudio ayudando en la prevención de las pérdidas progresivas resultantes del proceso de envejecimiento.

The Effects of Task-Oriented Circuit Training Using Rehabilitation Tools on the Upper-Extremity Functions and Daily Activities of Patients with Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) using the rehabilitation tools for upper extremity function upon the daily life of patients with acute stroke. METHODS: Eighteen patients with acute stroke were randomly allocated into either the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group performed the TOCT program using rehabilitation tools, whilst the control group had neuro-developmental treatment. Both groups received 30 minutes of treatment per session, 5~6 times per week, for 4 weeks. The assessments conducted were the Fugl-Meyer assessment, motor activity log and stroke impact scale to compare the upper extremity function and activities of daily living. RESULTS: The results showed a significant improvement in the TOCT group compared with the neuro-developmental treatment group in the amount of motor activity use and high stroke impact score, indicating recovery (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The TOCT program using rehabilitation tools could have a positive impact on acute stroke patients use of their upper extremity.

Confiabilidade de um circuito multimodal incremental na determinação do limiar anaeróbio de idosos por meio da dosagem do lactato sanguíneo / Reliability of an incremental multi-modal circuit in the determination of the anaerobic threshold of elderly people through the dosage of the blood lactate

A prática regular de exercício físico traz inúmeros benefícios para os idosos, mas é necessário identificar uma prescrição de treinamento que possa ser realizada de maneira segura e eficaz por esta população. O Treinamento Multimodal é uma alternativa para estimular as capacidades e habilidades físicas importantes para a manutenção da saúde e autonomia no envelhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo, de abordagem quantitativa e delineamento quase-experimental, foi medir a confiabilidade de um circuito multimodal incremental na determinação do limiar anaeróbio (LAN) de idosos por meio da dosagem do lactato sanguíneo. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foram identificadas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. As variáveis clínicas foram medidas antes, durante e após sessões de treinamento em um circuito multimodal. Para as análises descritivas, foram calculadas as frequências absolutas, porcentagens, medianas, médias e desvio padrão. Para a análise de confiabilidade intraobservador e de concordância, foram utilizados o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e o teste de concordância Bland-Altman, usando o pacote estatístico SPSS® V24. Para a identificação da igualdade de médias no teste e no reteste foram utilizados os testes paramétricos t-pareado e One-way ANOVA medidas repetidas, para variáveis contínuas e com distribuição normal, tomadas nos momentos antes e depois. Para os casos onde as suposições de normalidade e/ou esfericidade não foram atendidas, foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon ou Friedman. A intensidade do limiar anaeróbio (ILAN) e a Frequência Cardíaca na Intensidade do Limiar Anaeróbio (FCILAN) foram identificadas a partir de três critérios. Participaram do estudo 20 idosos, na maioria mulheres, com idade entre 60 e 65 anos, de cor branca, convivendo com companheiro, com mais de 12 anos de escolaridade, aposentados. Ao testar a reprodutibilidade da ILAN em dois momentos distintos com o mesmo avaliador, observamos que a média dos escores obtidos no teste e reteste foi semelhante (>,05) indicando boa correlação entre os pares analisados (r = ,77 a ,91). Nossos resultados também mostraram alta confiabilidade em todos os critérios adotados para determinação do LAN (CCI=,86 a ,95), além de boa concordância das medidas teste e reteste para o LAN2 do 1° e 3° critérios por meio do método de análise Bland-Altman. Identificamos redução da pressão arterial na primeira hora após o treinamento em circuito, em comparação com os valores pré-intervenção, nos momentos teste e reteste. O principal achado de nosso estudo se deu pela confiabilidade e concordância entre as medidas teste-reteste para as variáveis estudadas, sugerindo adequação do circuito multimodal incremental na determinação do LA de idosos por meio da dosagem do Lactato Sanguíneo

Regular physical activity brings several benefits to elderly people, but it's necessary to identify a training prescription that can be performed in a safe and effective manner for this population. The Multimodal Training is an alternative to stimulate physical skills and abilities important to maintaining health and autonomy in aging. The purpose of this study, with quantitative approach and quasi-experimental delineation, was to measure the reliability of an incremental multimodal circuit in the determination of the anaerobic threshold (ANT) of elderly people through blood lactate dosage. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee. Social demographic clinical variables were found. Clinical variables were measured before, during and after the training sessions in a multi-modal circuit. For descriptive analysis, absolute frequencies, percentages, medians, averages and standard deviation were calculated. For intra-observer reliability and agreement analysis, we used the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman agreement test, using statistical package, SPSS® V24. To the measures equality identification in the test and retest were used the t-paired parametrics and One-way ANOVA repeated measures, to continuous variables and with normal distribution, taken moments before and after. To the cases where normality and/or spherecity were not satisfied, we used Wilcoxon or Friedman non-parametric tests. The anaerobic threshold intensity (ATI) and the heart rate in the anaerobic threshold intensity (HRATI) were identified according to three criteria. Participated in the study 20 elderly people, mostly women, between the ages of 60 and 65 years old, white colored, living with a partner, with more than 12 years of schooling, retired. When testing the reproducibility of ATI in two different times with the same evaluator, we observed the measure of the obtained scores in the test and retest was similar to (>,05), indicating a good correlation between the analyzed pairs (r = ,77 a ,91). Our results also showed high reliability in all adopted criteria to determine ATI (CCI=,86 a ,95), in addition to the good agreement of the test and retest measures to the ATI2 of the first and third criteria through Bland-Altman analysis method. Was identified arterial pressure reduction in the first hour after the circuit training, compared with preintervention values, in the test and retest moments. The main discovery was given through reliability and agreement between measures test-retest to the studied variables, suggesting adjustment of the incremental multimodal circuit in the determination of the elderly people ATI through blood lactate dosage

Efeito de diferentes periodizações no treinamento concorrente sobre parâmetros imunológicos, metabólicos, ponderais e de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em mulheres com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade / Effect of different periodization models on concurrent training over immunological, metabolic, weight parameters and health-related quality of life in overweight and/or obese women

Estudo quase-experimental que teve como objetivo analisar o efeito de diferentes periodizações no treinamento concorrente sobre parâmetros imunológicos, metabólicos, ponderais e de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em mulheres com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. Participaram do estudo 33 mulheres as quais foram separadas aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo não periodizado (NP: N = 11), grupo periodização ondulatória (PO: N = 9) e o grupo periodização ondulatória flexível (POF: N = 13). O programa de treinamento teve duração de 12 semanas e as participantes foram avaliadas antes e ao término do programa. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de variância ANOVA. Os resultados mostraram que a média de idade entre os três grupos foi de 60,8 ± 6,6 anos, sendo observada a presença de doenças metabólicas em 26 participantes (78,8%), sendo que 19 participantes (57,6%) apresentavam hipertensão arterial, 15 participantes (45,5%) dislipidemia e 5 participantes (15,2%) diabetes mellitus, lembrando que elas poderiam apresentar até as 3 doenças concomitantemente. Quando comparados antes e após o treinamento, e também quando comparados os três grupos entre si (tempo 2), não foi observada diferença estatística nos parâmetros metabólicos: glicemia de jejum, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), e triglicérides, assim como nos parâmetros ponderais: massa corporal, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. Em relação aos testes físicos, não foi observado aumento da força de membros superiores e inferiores quando as participantes foram comparadas antes e após o treinamento. No entanto, observou-se melhora significativa na resistência aeróbia após o treinamento, por meio do teste da caminhada de 6 minutos, nos grupos NP e PO. Já quando os grupos foram comparados entre si (tempo 2), observou-se melhora na força no teste de flexão de braço do grupo POF comparado ao NP, e melhora na resistência aeróbia no teste da caminhada de 6 minutos do grupo PO comparado ao NP. Na carga máxima dinâmica, quando comparados antes e após o treinamento, houve aumento de força nos grupos PO e POF no supino inclinado, no entanto, este aumento não foi observado no leg press. Já quando comparados os três grupos entre si (tempo 2), observou-se melhora da força dos membros inferiores no leg press do grupo PO comparado ao NP; e POF comparado ao NP. Quanto a QVRS, somente quando comparados os três grupos entre si após o período de treinamento é que foi observada melhora da capacidade funcional do grupo PO comparado ao NP. Em relação aos parâmetros imunológicos, quando comparados antes e após o treinamento, e também quando comparados os três grupos entre si (tempo 2), não foi observado diferença estatística nas concentrações de IL-6 e TNF-?. Conclui-se que o treinamento concorrente do grupo PO foi eficiente em melhorar a resistência aeróbia e o ganho de força dos membros superiores em participantes fisicamente ativas com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade na faixa etária dos 50 a 70 anos

This was a quasi-experiment study that aimed to analyze the effect of different periodization models on concurrent training over immunological, metabolic, weight parameters and healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight and/or obese women. Thirty-three women were randomly assigned to three groups: non-periodized group (NP: n = 11), undulating periodization group (UP: n = 9) and flexible undulating periodization group (FUP: n = 13). The training program lasted 12 weeks and participants were assessed before and at the ending of the program. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and the ANOVA variance analysis. The results showed that the mean age of the three groups was 60,8 ± 6,6 years, and observed the presence of metabolic diseases in 26 participants (78,8%), of which, 19 participants (57,6%) had arterial hypertension, 15 participants (45,5%) dyslipidemia and 5 participants (15,2%) diabetes mellitus, reminding that they could present up to 3 diseases concomitantly. When compared before and after training, and when comparing the three groups with each other (time 2), there was no statistical difference in metabolic parameters: fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, as well as in the weight parameters: body mass, body mass index and waist circumference. Regarding physical tests, no increase in upper and lower limb strength was observed when participants were compared before and after training. However, a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness was observed after training through the 6-minute walk test in the NP and UP groups. When the groups were compared with each other (time 2), there was an improvement in strength in the arm curl test of the group FUP compared to NP, and improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness in the 6-minute walk test of the group UP compared to NP. At the maximum dynamic strength, when compared before and after training, there was an increase in strength in the UP and FUP groups in the inclined bench press, however, this increase was not observed in the leg press. When the three groups were compared with each other (time 2), an improvement in the strength of the lower limbs was observed in the leg press of the groups UP compared to the NP; and FUP compared to NP. Regarding HRQoL, only when comparing the three groups with each other after the training period is that it was observed an improvement in physical function of the group UP compared to the NP. Related to the immunological parameters, when compared before and after training, and when comparing the three groups with each other (time 2), no statistical difference was observed in IL-6 and TNF-? concentrations. In conclusion, the concurrent training of the PO group was efficient in improving aerobic resistance and upper limb strength gain in physically active participants with overweight and/or obesity in the age group of 50 to 70 years

Glycemic behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes during a short period of a combined training program

The present study investigated the behavior of glycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) during 36 sessions of a combined training program. Methods: This is a single arm clinical study with 20 patients with T2DM submitted to combined exercise training (strength and aerobic exercise). The sessions occurred on alternate days, 3x/week, lasting ~ 80 minutes, totaling ~ 240 minutes/week, for 12 weeks, over a total of 36 sessions. Capillary glycemia was measured before and 10 to 15 minutes after the end of each combined exercise session. Results: There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in glycemia after application of the combined training program in 27 (75%) of the 36 sessions. Regarding the maintenance of this reduction after about 48 hours, no significant differences were identified (p>0.05). When investigating the cumulative effect of the 36 sessions of combined training program on capillary glycemia, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemia exhibits a behavior of reduction immediately after concurrent strength and aerobic training programs in patients with T2DM. However, the immediate reduction of glycemia is not maintained until 48 hours, nor is there a cumulative effect of the 36 training sessions on baseline glycemia.(AU)

Diferentes ordens dos exercícios durante o método circuito não alteram as respostas hemodinâmicas / Different orders of exercises during the circuit method does not alter the hemodynamic responses

Introdução: O efeito da ordem dos exercícios no Treinamento Circuito (TC) sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas é inconclusivo. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes ordens de execução nas respostas hemodinâmicas agudas no TC. Métodos: Onze homens foram recrutados. As sessões de treinamento foram compostas pela seguinte sequência: Sequência A: multiarticulares/monoarticulares; Sequência B: monoarticulares/multiarticulares, realizados a 60% de 1-RM com intervalo de um minuto. Ambos circuitos foram compostos por três passagens com oito estações. Os desfechos foram: pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP). Para comparações utilizou-se ANOVA two-way medidas repetidas considerando p<0.05. Resultados: Os valores da FC foram significativamente mais altos durante e após o exercício em comparação ao momento pré (p<0,001), aumento do DP (p< 0,001) e diminuição da PAS (p<0,001) após os treinos, independente da ordem dos exercícios. Conclusão: O método de TC é eficiente em promover o efeito hipotensor pós-exercício independente da ordem de execução.

Introduction: The effect of Circuit Training (CT) order's on hemodynamics variables is inconclusive. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different orders of execution in acute hemodynamic responses in the CT. Methods: Eleven men were recruited. Training sessions were composed by the following sequence: sequence A: multi-joint/single-joint; Sequence B: single-joint/multi-joint, performed at 60% of 1-MR with one minute interval. Both circuits were composed of three passes with eight stations. The outcomes were: systolic blood pressure (BPS), diastolic (DPS), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP). For comparisons was used twoway ANOVA repeated measures considering p<0.05. Results: HR values were significantly higher during and after exercise compared to baseline, increase of DP (p< 0,001) and decrease of BPS (p<0,001) after practice, regardless of the order of exercise execution. Conclusion: The CT method is efficient in promoting the hypotensive effect post-exercise regardless of the order of execution.

[Effect of five weeks circuit resistance training with garlic supplementation on serum levels of adiponectin in over weight o female]

Background: Obesity and Metabolic Disorders is one of the risk factors for health in the world. Physical activity and herbal supplements is the research topic in the field of health and reducing obesity

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of five weeks circuit resistance training with garlic supplementation on serum levels of adiponectin in overweight female

Methods: In a double-blind trial quasi-experimental design, 32 healthy overweight women were selected and randomly divided into following four groups: Placebo, supplement, training and placebo and training and supplement groups. The experimental subjects received circuit resistance training was performed three times a week. All groups were given 1000 mg garlic supplements or placebo for five weeks in two doses of 500 mg daily. Anthropometric indices, and blood sampling were measured before and after five weeks of circuit resistance training

Results: After five weeks, levels of adiponectin in serum increased in resistance training group with garlic with compared to other groups, but this increase was not statistically significant [p=0.123] also body weight did not show significant difference [P=0.99]

Conclusion: Based on the results suggested that more research investigate effect of garlic supplementation with resistance exercise on weight loss and serum adiponectin levels and other indicators associated with obesity in obese women

Perception of effort monitors internal load during compounded circuit training

The aim of this study was to determine if rating of perceived exertion (RPE) could be used to monitor the internal load during compounded circuit training (CCT) sessions in women. Thirteen young adults women performed three sessions of CCT varying the intensity according to participants' maximum heart rate (50, 70 and 90%HRmax). Throughout the main part of CCT (35min), HR and RPE were measured. Both variables were significantly different among the exercise intensities. However, HR and RPE were not correlated. Probably because HR at the end of exercise was similar to the beginning at 90% and 70% of HRmaxintensities, and lower than the beginning instant at 50% of HRmaxintensity, whereas RPE increased from the beginning instant to the end of exercise for all intensities. Therefore, RPE is suitable to monitor the internal load during CCT sessions in women due to its possibility to detect the (in)tolerance to exercise, despite of the lack of correlation with HR.

The Effect of Circuit Training and Workplace Improvement Program on the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and the Improvement of Physical Function in Office Workers

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity and reduced energy expenditure lead to increase in obesity among office workers. In this study, we investigated how 10 weeks of high intensity circuit training and working environment improvement can change body composition, physical strength and markers of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A total of 83 employees at risk for metabolic syndrome participated in 10 weeks program of one-hour circuit training (30 minutes twice weekly) and workplace improvement program, which consisted of dynamic stretching twice daily for all weekdays. Body composition, anthropometry, blood test, muscle strength/endurance and cardiopulmonary function of participants were assessed at the baseline and after 10 weeks. RESULTS: At the end of 10 weeks, significant increases in levels of body composition, serum lipids, muscle strength and cardiopulmonary were observed in metabolic syndrome risk factor group. In body composition, significant improvements of body weight, body mass index, lean body mass, %body fat, visceral adipose tissue, waist and hip circumference and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure were observed in metabolic syndrome risk factor group. In lipids, hemoglobin A1c and high density lipoprotein were increased significantly in metabolic syndrome risk factor group. In muscle strength and endurance, significant increases were found. Also, there was a significant difference in cardiovascular function of maximal oxygen uptake and total running time among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These intensive 10 weeks of high intensity circuit training and workplace improvement program were effective in improving body composition, muscle strength/improvement and cardiopulmonary function. Therefore, based on this study result, workplace improvement programs might be more developed and applied for high-risk employees to improve their metabolic syndrome.

Monitoring Step Activity During Task-Oriented Circuit Training in High-Functioning Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the amount of practice and progression during task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) in chronic stroke survivors; to test the use of pedometers and observation-based measures in detecting step activity; to verify the possible correlation between step activity and locomotor function improvements. METHODS: Six community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors underwent 10 TOCT sessions (2 hours/each) over 2 weeks in which they were trained both on a treadmill and on six task-oriented workstations (W1–W6). During the sessions, they wore a piezoelectric pedometer and step activities were recorded. Outcome measures were as follows: % of activities during which pedometers worked properly; pedometer-based measures (total step counts, treadmill steps, workstation steps—total and W2,W3,W5,W6); observation-based measures (number of repetitions in task W1 and W4); walking speed changes measured by the 10-m walking test (10MWT) and walking endurance changes (6-minute walking test) after TOCT. RESULTS: During TOCT sessions (n=57), activities were recorded through pedometer-based measures in 4 out of the 6 patients. The total amount of step activity was 5,980.05±1,968.39 steps (54.29% in task-oriented workstations, 37.67% on treadmill, and 8.03% during breaks). Exercise progression was highlighted significantly by observational measures (W1, W4). A positive correlation was observed between increased gait speed and observational stair step repetitions progression (W1) (r=0.91, p=0.01) or pedometer-based tandem exercise step progression (W3) (r=0.98, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: TOCT can be considered a high-intensity, progressive intervention to restore locomotor function in chronic stroke survivors. Pedometer-based measures might help in quantifying TOCT's volume of practice; however, further investigations are required.

Efeito do treinamento de força no formato de circuito nos níveis de força e desempenho funcional em mulheres idosas / Strength training effect in format circuit in levels of strength and functional performance in elderly women

Introdução: No envelhecimento são observadas alterações funcionais, bioquímicas e morfológicas. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de um período de treinamento de força (TF) nos níveis de força e desempenho funcional em mulheres idosas. Materiais e Métodos: Foram recrutadas 20 mulheres idosas (68,6 ± 6,6; anos; 69,7 ± 10,9 kg; 160,0 ± 0,10 cm) sem experiência prévia em TF. O protocolo de TF aplicado foi no formato de circuito com três séries, intervalo de 30 segundos entre cada exercício, faixa de repetições entre oito a dez com carga correspondente a percepção de esforço de cada participante. Os testes funcionais aplicados foram baseados no sênior fitness teste. Resultados: Após o período de intervenção foi observado diferença para o peso corporal, testes funcionais e níveis de força muscular (p<0,05). Conclusões: O TF com duração de apenas oito semanas já é eficaz para promover melhoras nos níveis de força e desempenho funcional em mulheres idosas.

Introduction: In the aging functional, biochemical and morphological changes are observed. Objective: To evaluate the effects of strength training period (ST) in the levels of strength and functional performance in elderly women. Materials and Methods: We recruited 20 elderly women (68.6 ± 6.6; years; 69.7 ± 10.9 kg, 160.0 ± 0.10 cm) without prior experience in ST. The ST protocol was applied in circuit format with three sets of 30 seconds between each exercise, rep range between eight to ten with load of perceived exertion of each participant. The functional tests were applied based on the senior fitness test. Results: After the intervention period was observed for body weight differences, functional tests and strength levels (p <0.05). Conclusions: The ST lasting just eight weeks is already effective to promote improvements in the levels of strength and functional performance in older women.